منقول
ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻟﻐﻮﻳﺎ : ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻬﻴﺮ.ﻭﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺷﺮﻋﺎ : ﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻉ ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ : ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺰﻛﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺼﺤﺔ ﺇﻳﻤﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ): (ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﺑﺮﻫﺎﻥ).ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ: ( ﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻟﻬﻢ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﻄﻬﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺗﺰﻛﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺻﻼﺗﻚ ﺳﻜﻦ ﻟﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺳﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻢ) [ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ:103].ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ: ( ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﻔﻘﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻟﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﺍ ﻭﻋﻼﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﺟﺮﻫﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺑﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺧﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻫﻢ ﻳﺤﺰﻧﻮﻥ) [ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ:274].ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻓﻰ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮﻩ:ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺪﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻔﻘﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﺘﻐﺎﺀ ﻣﺮﺿﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﺮ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺭ.ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﻰ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ: ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻰ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻓﺄﻧﻔﻖ ﺩﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻟﻴﻼ ﻭﺩﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﺭﺍ ﻭﺩﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﺳﺮﺍ ﻭﺩﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻋﻼﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻨﺰﻟﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻧﺤﻦ ﺑﺼﺪﺩﻫﺎ.ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ: ( ﺇﻧﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻘﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﻳﺆﺗﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺭﺍﻛﻌﻮﻥ) [ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﺪﺓ:55].ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ: ( ﻭﺳﻴﺘﺠﻨﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺗﻘﻰ * ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻳﺆﺗﻰ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﺘﺰﻛﻰ) [ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ: 18].(1) ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﻛﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ(1) ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) ﻗﺎﻝ: ( ﺑﻨﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻤﺲ: ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺍﻟﻪ ﺍﻻ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺇﻳﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﺣﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﺻﻮﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ) [ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻯ (1/ﺡ8/ﻓﺘﺢ) ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ( 1/ ﺇﻳﻤﺎﻥ/45/ﺡ21) ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻯ (5/ﺡ2609) ﻭﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ (2/ 120،93،26) ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﻳﻤﺔ (1/ﺡ308) ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ (1/358)].(2) ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ(2) ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﻗﺎﻝ: ( ﻓﺮﺽ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﻃﻬﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﺚ ﻭﻃﻌﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻛﻴﻦ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﺩﺍﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﻬﻰ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺍﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﻬﻰ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ) [ ﻓﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ (1480) ﻭﻓﻰ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ (1827/585/1) ﻭﻓﻰ ﺳﻨﻦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ (1594/3/5) ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ (3570) ﻭﺍﻹﺭﻭﺍﺀ (843)].ﻗﻠﺖ : ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻯ ﻓﻰ (ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ) (6/7) ﺃﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﻻ ﺗﺠﺰﺉ ﻓﺎﻷﺋﻤﺔ : ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻰ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺬﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﻻ ﺗﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﻻ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻰ 2ﻭﻧﺼﻒ ﻙ ﺃﺭﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ.(3) ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺔ(3) ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻰ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻨﺒﻰ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) : ( ﺃﺧﺒﺮﻧﻰ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ: ﺗﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺸﺮﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺗﺆﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﺗﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ) [ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻯ (3/ﺡ1396/ ﻓﺘﺢ) ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ (1/ ﺍﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ/42-43/ﺡ12)].(4) ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ(4) ﻋﻦ ﺧﺰﻳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺎﺗﻚ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻰ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ: ( ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺿﻌﻒ) [ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ (6110) ﻭﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻏﻴﺐ (2/156) ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﺎﺓ (3826)].(5) ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻰ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) ﻗﺎﻝ: ( ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﺰﻭﺟﻞ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻴﺮﺑﻴﻬﺎ ﻷﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﺑﻰ ﻷﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻠﻮﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻴﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ) [ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻯ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ].ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻛﻴﻊ : ﻭﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ : ( ﺃﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ) [ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ :104].ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ: ( ﻳﻤﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﺑﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ) [ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ: 276].ﻳﺮﺑﻰ : ﺃﻯ ﻳﻨﻤﻮ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ.ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ : ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺮ.ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺼﻴﻞ : ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ.(6) ﻋﻦ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﺓ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﻗﺎﻝ: ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ): ( ﻣﺎ ﻳﺨﺮﺝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻔﻚ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﺤﻰ ﺳﺒﻌﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﻄﺎﻧﺎ) [ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﻳﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ (5814) ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ (1268)].(7) ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻰ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﻗﺎﻝ: ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ): ( ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼﺪﻕ ﻛﻤﺜﻞ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺟﺒﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺛﺪﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺮﺍﻗﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﻖ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﺍﻻ ﺳﺒﻐﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻠﺪﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻓﺮﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻠﺪﻩ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺨﻔﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﻔﻮ ﺃﺛﺮﻩ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﻴﻞ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﺍﻻ ﻟﺰﻓﺖ ﻛﻞ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺘﺴﻊ) [ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻯ (3/ﺡ1443/ ﻓﺘﺢ) ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ (ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ/ﺝ2/ﺡ75)].ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺟﻨﺘﺎﻥ: ﻣﻔﺮﺩﻫﺎ (ﺟﻨﺔ) ﻭﻫﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻉ ﻭﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﻖ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﻃﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺠﺮ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻩ ﻭﺗﺨﻔﻰ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﺛﺮ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﺛﺮ ﻣﺸﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺧﻄﻮﺍﺗﻪ.ﻭﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺗﻌﻔﻮ ﺃﺛﺮﻩ: ﺃﻯ ﺗﻤﺤﻮ.(8) ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻰ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﻗﺎﻝ: ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ): ( ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻻ ﻣﻠﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺰﻻﻥ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﺍ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ: ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻋﻂ ﻣﻨﻔﻘﺎ ﺧﻠﻔﺎ. ﻭﻳﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻷﺧﺮ: ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻋﻂ ﻣﻤﺴﻜﺎ ﺗﻠﻔﺘﺎ) [ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻯ (2/142) ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ (ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ57) ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻰ (187) ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻯ (6/156) ﻭﻛﻨﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ (16121،16016،1985)].(5) ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﻘﻠﻴﻞ(9) ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪﻯ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﻗﺎﻝ: ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) ﻳﻘﻮﻝ: (ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﺸﻖ ﺗﻤﺮﺓ ﻓﻠﻴﻔﻌﻞ) [ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻔﻈﻪ (ﺡ66/ﻁ4) ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ (ﺝ3/1417)].ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺑﺸﻖ ﺗﻤﺮﺓ : ﺃﻯ ﻧﺼﻔﻬﺎ.(10) ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻰ ﺫﺭ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﻗﺎﻝ: ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ): (ﺳﺒﻖ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ: ﺭﺟﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺩﺭﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﻓﺘﺼﺪﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﺟﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻓﺘﺼﺪﻕ ﺑﻬﺎ) [ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻰ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻰ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻰ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﻳﻤﺔ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ (3606) ﻭﻓﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻏﻴﺐ (875)].(6) ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ(11) ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻰ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) : ( ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﺫﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺻﻠﺔ) [ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻭﻓﻰ ﺍﻹﺭﻭﺍﺀ (883) ﻭﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ (3763)].(7) ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻮﺍﺕ(12) ﻋﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﻗﺎﻝ: ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ): (ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﺼﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻦ ﻭﺃﻃﻌﻤﻬﻦ ﻭﺳﻘﺎﻫﻦ ﻭﻛﺴﺎﻫﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﺗﻪ ﻛﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺠﺎﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ) [ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ (6488)].ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﺗﻪ : ﺃﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻳﺪﻩ.(13) ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ) ﻗﺎﻟﺖ: ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) : ( ﻟﻴﺲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﻌﻮﻝ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺃﺧﻮﺍﺕ ﻓﻴﺤﺴﻦ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻦ ﺍﻻ ﻛﻦ ﺳﺘﺮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ) [ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺷﻌﺐ ﺍﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻯ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ (5372)].ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻳﻌﻮﻝ : ﺃﻯ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ.ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻭﻯ ﻓﻰ ﻓﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ(5/362):ﻳﻌﻮﻟﻬﻦ ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺤﺴﻦ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻦ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻦ ﺑﺄﻻ ﻳﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻦ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻬﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻞ ﺍﻻ ﻛﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺳﺘﺮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﻯ ﻭﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻬﻦ ﺳﺘﺮﺍ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺫﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﻭﻫﺘﻚ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽ.(14) ﻭﻓﻰ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ) : ( ﻣﻦ ﺍﺑﺘﻠﻰ ﺑﺸﺊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﺼﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻦ ﻛﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺠﺎﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ) [ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻯ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ (5931)].(8) ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﻜﻴﻦ(15) ﻋﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ): ( ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻓﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻛﻬﺎﺗﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺔ) ﻭﻗﺮﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺇﺻﺒﻌﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻯ ﺍﻹﺑﻬﺎﻡ. [ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﺑﻰ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻧﻰ (ﺝ3/ﺡ4289/ﺹ968) ﻭﻓﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻯ ﻟﻸﻟﺒﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﺭﻗﻢ (1564)].ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﻗﺎﻝ: ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ): ( ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺘﻴﻦ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﺎ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻛﻬﺎﺗﻴﻦ) ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺑﺈﺻﺒﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ.(16) ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ) ﻗﺎﻝ: ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ): ( ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻓﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻐﻴﺮﻩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﻜﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺪ ﻓﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ) [ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻰ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ (8/221) ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ(1476)].(9) ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺯﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ(17) ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﻗﺎﻝ: ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ): ( ﻻ ﻳﻐﺮﺱ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻏﺮﺳﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺰﺭﻉ ﺯﺭﻋﺎ ﻓﻴﺄﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺩﺍﺑﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺷﺊ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ) [ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ (ﺝ3/ﺡ8/ﺹ1188/ ﻣﺴﺎﻗﺎﺕ)].ﻭﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) ﻗﺎﻝ: ( ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻳﻐﺮﺱ ﻏﺮﺳﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺰﺭﻉ ﺯﺭﻋﺎ ﻓﻴﺄﻛﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻃﻴﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻬﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻻ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ).(10) ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﻯ(18) ﻋﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻰ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) ﻗﺎﻝ: ( ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺰ ﻏﺎﺯﻳﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻏﺰﺍ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻏﺎﺯﻳﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﺑﺨﻴﺮ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻏﺰﺍ) [ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻯ (4/32) ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ (ﺍﻻﻣﺎﺭﺓ135/136) ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻯ (1628) ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻰ (6/46) ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ (2509) ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ(5/282،280) ﻭﻛﻨﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ (10710،10554،10553) ﻭﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻏﻴﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺬﺭﻯ (2/254)].ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ: ( ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺰ ﻏﺎﺯﻳﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﺟﺮﻩ) [ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ (6194)].(11) ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺤﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ(19) ﻋﻦ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺪﻳﺞ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﻗﺎﻝ: ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ): ( ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻐﺎﺯﻯ ﻓﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ) [ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻯ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ ﺭﻗﻢ (4117)].ﻗﻠﺖ : ﻭﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ : ﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺤﻘﻴﻦ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻔﺎﻑ.(20) ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻰ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﻗﺎﻝ: ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ): ( ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﻮﻓﺮﺍ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻴﺪﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼﺪﻗﻴﻦ) [ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﺑﻰ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻟﻸﻟﺒﺎﻧﻰ (ﺝ1/ﺡ1476/ﺹ316)].ﻗﻠﺖ : ﻭﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﻴﻦ : ﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻔﻞ ﺑﺄﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﺄﻣﺎﻧﺔ.(12) ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ(21) ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻰ ﺫﺭ (ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ) ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻰ (ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ: ( ﺇ
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